5-助动词教材.ppt

Lecture 6Auxiliaries;Contents;1. 情态意义表示法;1.1. 表示能力和可能;1.1.2. 可能——may/might/can/could (推测性用法) 可能性大小：can, could, may, might can/could/may/might + 动词原形： 现在/将来可能 She may be busy now. can多用于疑问句/否定句，may/might多用于肯定句 ;1.2.表示许可和不许Permission;1.3.表示义务和必然must/should/ought to;Mother: Jane, you ought to close the window. (Jane didn’t move.) Mother: Jane, you should close the window. (Jane still didn’t move.) Mother: Jane, you must close the window. (Reluctantly, Jane had to close the window.);1.3.2. 必然necessity-- must/should/ought to (推测性用法) 根据一定情况作出的判断和推测，语气渐弱 She should be here in a minute. 估计她一会儿就到。 All men must die. 人都有一死。 推测过去：must have done,否定形式为can’t Her eyes are red. She must have been crying.;1.4. 表示预见和推测;1.5.表示意愿、意图和决心;2. 情态动词的推测性用法和非推测性用法;情态动词推测性用法的句法功能： 接have done，表示对过去作推测 He must have been disappointed. 接be doing，表示对现在作推测 He must be watching TV now. 接动词原形，表示对现在作推测，动词为静态动词 There must be some mistakes. He must have a car.;3. 情态动词的虚拟表达;3.1表示已经发生的情况。 1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……”。 如： My pain____ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically：“ Are you feeling all right?”  [A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be ;2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。 如： Mary ___ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.  [A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Exercise Two; ; ;答案;The End!