Neuropeptide S and its receptor to inhibit progress in drug addiction research.doc

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 15 Neuropeptide S and its receptor to inhibit progress in drug addiction research [Abstract] Neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor is a recently defined, biologically active peptide substances, have a moderating effect of stress and excitement. NPS in the brain stem in the expression of many different parts, such as regional and arm in the LC nucleus neuropeptide S and its homologous G protein-coupled receptor agonist with low nanomolar concentrations, induced intracellular cAMP level and the level of Ca2t. as exciting as the transmission medium, neuropeptide S receptor is widely expressed in the brain, including regulation pressure reflects the region, such as the summer of the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala and perirhinal cortex. We know that neuropeptide S system has an impact on the pressure, arousal, fear, anxiety, depression, learning and memory, feeding and energy metabolism, neuroendocrine, immune and anti- oxidation, and other physiological and pathological processes. With the further study of neuropeptide S and found it to have a certain role in drug addiction. place preferences in rats by the conditions, alcohol preference and non-alcoholic preferences elevated plus maze, self-administered tests, such as testing , looking for inhibition of neuropeptide S and the connection between addiction. [Keywords:] Neuropeptide S receptor Neuropeptide S Addiction [Abstract] Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a recently identified bioactive peptide that modulates stress and arousal. NPS is expressed in a few discrete nuclei in the brainstem, such as the pericoerulear (locus coeruleus (LC)) area and the parabrachial nucleus.NPS activates its cognate G protein-coupled receptor at low nanomolar agonist concentrations and induces elevation of intracellular Ca2t and cAMP, therefore acting as an excitatory transmitter. The NPS receptor is widely expressed in the brain, including regions known to regulate stress responses such as hypothalamus, t