英语语法[10不同文体的句法结构].ppt

Unit Ten: Sentence Structures in Different Styles of Writing, a brief introduction Issues of this unit: 1) Formal vs. informal speech 2) Sentences in very different writings (science, law, advertisement, literature); A、Formal vs. Informal Ex. (An American policeman talking about the same thing)： a. 法庭上面对法官说：“I apprehended the alleged perpetrator.” (我对这个行凶嫌疑人实施了拘捕) b. 酒吧里对同事说：“I collared this creep.” (我逮了这恶棍); Informal speech Formal speech simple syntax complex, compound str. simple daily words technical terms, minced personal tone impersonal tone;Ex. a. 图书馆的告示： Impersonal tone It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.;Ex. b. 图书馆的告示：personal tone We find that the number of books in the library has been going down. Please make sure that you know the rules for borrowing, and don’t forget that the library is for everyone’s convenience. So from now on, we’re going to enforce the rules strictly. You have been warned!;B、新闻写作(a mixture of formal and informal)： 语法特征：长句，信息浓缩 September 12, 1997, US Secretary of State Medeleine Albright says at Alexandria that she told President Hosni Mubarak of Americas resolve to work with Egypt and other friendly states to remain vigilant while also responding to opportunities to reduce tension, and then she proceeds to Saudi Arabia, the next stop on her debut regional tour. ;词汇运用特征： 1. 新闻习惯表达法（journalistic jargon），例如： people power, zipper-gate, war games, operations 等等。 经常使用缩写，如：NATO, NASA, UNESCO, TMD, AIDS. 2. 新闻记者生造语词（coinage），表达新的概念或为了吸引眼球 (as an eye-catcher)，例如： technical know-how, hijack, stagflation, no-go area, the village Guru, Wintel 等等。 ; 3. 在报道中，语言使用灵活多变。例如： Beijings decision to cancel a port visi