研究生英语应用教程翻译Unit14.docVIP

Improved transportation and road conditions from the eighteenth century onwards enabled the rural population to travel to neighbouring towns where they took advantage of a variety of amusements. 十八世纪以来，交通和道路条件有所改善，农村的人们可以到附近的城镇去，进行多种娱乐活动。用抽象名词做主语的句子翻译为汉语时，如果直接使用原来的主语非常别扭，经常需要转换为人做主语。这里转换rural population为主语。 把定语从句和主句断开翻译。Spectator activities increased with the industrialization of the nineteenth century, as theatre, the music halls and sports developed and became available to more people. 剧场、音乐厅和体育运动发展了起来，越来越多的人可以参与其中。因此一些观赏性活动，随着十九世纪工业化的进程，兴盛起来。industrialization比较抽象，翻译时改为比较具体的名词。 as引导的分句有两个并列的谓语，但翻译为汉语时采用同样的结构比较困难。因此断开翻译为两个句子，后半句转换主语。The establishments of railway systems and the formation of bus companies initiated the pattern of cheap one-day trips around the country and to the seaside, which were to grow into the mass charter and package tours of contemporary Britain. 铁路网逐步形成，公交公司也开始出现，于是，价格低廉的乡村一日游和海边一日游逐渐兴起，并最终发展成现在的团队游形式。把原句拆分成短句翻译。 原句主语中的establishments和formation转换词性，改译为动词。 定语从句和主句断开翻译。The arrival of radio, films and television in the twentieth century resulted in a further huge professional entertainments industry. 二十世纪，收音机、电影、电视相继问世，一个更加巨大的专业娱乐产业形成了。arrival转译为动词。 句子拆分成短句。In all these changes, the mixture of participatory, spectator and home-based leisure activities has continued. 在所有这些变化中，参与性、观赏性、家庭娱乐性在活动中不断融合。mixture由名词转换为动词，而continue从动词转译为修饰动词的副词。 The “arts” once had a somewhat precious and exclusive image associated with notions of high culture, which were usually the province of the middle and upper classes. 艺术曾经被赋予某种珍贵的、独特的形象，同高雅文化联系在一起，而高雅文化一度通常是中上阶层的特权。定语从句，尤其是比较长的非限制性定语从句通常和主句分开来译。 原句用过去时，又添加once，强调动作发生在过去。翻译时在主句和定语从句中都要添加表示过去的字眼。The growth of mass and popular culture has increased the potential audience for a wider range of cultural activities, and the availability and scope of the arts has spread to greater numbers of people. 大众流行文化的发展扩大了文化活动潜在观众，使他们参与到更大范围的文化活动中。更多人有可能、有机会接触艺术。介词for转译为动词。 and引导的并列句翻译时意译，不仅转换了主语，还转换了谓语。P