初中语法专题---非谓语动词解析.docx

非谓语动词一、基本概念在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。动词不定式（to）do二、基本分类否定形式：直接在其前加not非谓语动词动名词doing分词doing和done三、用法详解1、动词不定式： （to）do1）作主语：动词不定式作主语。1. To learn English well is important.2. To eat vegetables can help us keep healthy.动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换。3. Learning English is important.4. Eating vegetables can help us keep healthy.常用it作形式主语代替不定式，把不定式放在后面。5. It’s important to learn English.6. It can help us keep healthy to eat vegetables.2）作宾语：★1. He wants to go home at once.2. I began to play the piano when I was four.3. I find/think it easy to read English every day. 在find, think 后接不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。3）作宾语补足语：★（1）不定式的to不能省略。常考的动词有：①My parents tell me to work hard at English. ②Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.③Mother told me not to come home late.④I’d like you to meet my family.（2）不定式的to需省略。常考的动词有：四看三使两听一感觉①I hear him sing every night.②We saw her play the piano last night.③It made me feel sad. ④Let him go, please.注意：在感官动词后，也可用动词的ing形式作宾语补足语，但含义略有不同.I saw him crossing the road. （强调动作正在进行）We often hear her sing in the room. （动作经常发生，全过程）四看三使两听一感觉：变被动，还原to。 如：be made to do sth. 被要求做某事 （3）help后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，有to无to均可。Could you please help me (to) do some housework?Could you please help me (to) do some housework?4）作状语：★（1）表目的 To get to work, he takes No.7 bus every day. （2）表原因：说明主语的某种心情、情感be sorry/happy/glad/pleased/worried… to do sth. 如：I am happy to have such a nice friend like you. 表结果：在“adj./adv. + enough + to do”结构中:：He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei. 在“too+ adj./adv. + to do”结构中：They walked too slowly to catch the early bus. 5）“疑问词+不定式”：★ “非常6+1” 1.what to do（干什么）2. how to do it/that/sth.（如何做）3.who/whom to believe/trust（相信谁）4.when to go/leave (什么时候离开)5.where to go (去哪儿)6.which to choose（选哪一个）+Why do sth.（为什么干某事）Why not do sth.？（为什么不干某事）=why don’t you do sth.？“为什么不…”表建议疑问词+不定式相当于一个名词短语。用法：when to hold the meeting(主语) has not yet been decided.We must know what t