2011高考英语必看之–高中英语句子成分.pptVIP

句 子 成 分 Members of a Sentence;*句子成分由词或词组充当;英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种 基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。;基本句型 一:ＳＶ(主＋谓);Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物动词);基本句型二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表);系动词分两类: be, look, keep, seem等, 表情况; get, grow, become, turn等属另一类, 表变化。 be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表语的 作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。;Ｓ│Ｖ(是系动词)│ Ｐ(表语) ;*There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。 这里的there没有实际意义, 不可与副词 ‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词, 表示 “(存在)有某事物”。;基本句型 三:Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾);Ｓ│Ｖ(及物动词)│Ｏ(宾语);基本句型 四:Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾);Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│ｏ(多指人)│Ｏ(多指物);基本句型 五:Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补);The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road.;Ｓ │Ｖ(及物)│ Ｏ(宾语) │ Ｃ(宾补) ;a. Ｓ Ｖ b. Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ c. Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ d. Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ e. Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ ;但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样 简短, 除了基本句型的成分不变外, 通常 是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些 修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是 单词 (adj./adv./num. 数词)短语 (主要 是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。 我们称之为: 定语、状语 The little boy needs a blue pen. ;一、 定语：;Two boys need two pens. His name is Tom. The boy in blue is Tom. The boy there needs a pen. The boy needs a ball pen. There is nothing to do today. The pen bought by her is made in China. The boy you will know is Tom. ;二、状语：;In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里, 男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语) Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. 在母亲面前, 汤姆总是一个男孩子。(条件状语) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天, 教室里没有学生。 (时间状语) ;分词(短语)作状语：;The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语) To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. 为实现梦想, 汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. ;状语从句： 时间状语从句、地点状语从句、 原因状语从句、结果状语从句、 目的状语从句、比较状语从句、 让步状语从句、条件状语从句 ;三、同位语：;四、独立成分：;(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn’t done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.;(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 -- The old man was feeling very tired. -- The leaves have turned yellow. -- Soon They all became interested in the subject.;(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. W