非谓语动词讲解题库.ppt

非谓语动词种类及句法功能 （一）概述： ?　　在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。 ?????? 1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有： ?????? （1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如： ?????? 　　 They built a garden. ??????? 　　They suggested building a garden. ????? ?（2）都可以被状语修饰： ??????? 　　The suit fits him very well. ??????? 　　I want you to finish your homework in time;（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如： ??????? 　　He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态） ??????? 　　He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式） ??????? 　　We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时） ??????? 　　Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式） ;;2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有： （1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 （2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 （3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。;（二）非谓语动词的句法功能： ;非谓语动词用法： （一）动词不定式：（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例） ?????? 否定式：not + (to) do （1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后， 　　 例如：?????? Im glad to meet you. ??????;?????? We plan to have a two-day holiday. ?????? He wants to be an simultaneous interpreter。 ?????? ?He wished his homework to be done in time.?????;? （2）进行式： to be doing 不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： ?????? The boy pretended to be working hard when his mother came to his bedroom. ?????? He seems to be reading in his room. ?????? （3）完成式： to have done 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： ?????? I regretted not to have studied hard. ????? ??????;2．不定式的句法功能： （1）作主语： 　　 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. = it is hard to finish the work。 To receive a favor is to sell your liberty. To lose your heart means failure. To see is to believe. To become an actor is his wish. 　　;;2）作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. 　　 His wish is to become a fat cat/top notch/tycoon. His wish is to hit the bar. My plan is to correct the exercises tomorrow. ;（3）作宾语： 　　常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾