华工成型技术重点第三部分总结教程.docVIP

Part III 成形（型）部分 Forming and Shaping Processes and Equipment 13 Rolling of Metal (轧制） 13.1、Introduction Rolling(轧制)：is the process of reducing the thickness (or changing the cross-section) of a long workpiece by compressive forces applied through a set of rolls Plate(厚板)：which are generally regards as having a thickness greater than 6 mm, are used for structural applications Sheet(薄板)：having a thickness less than 6 mm thick; are provided to manufacturing facilities as flat pieces or as strip in coils for further processing into various products. Plate厚板作为结构件，Sheet薄板作为半成品 13.2、Flat Rolling（平扎） Flat Rolling（平扎）：A strip （带料 / 条料）of thickness ho enters the roll gap （辊缝 / 辊隙 / 辊间 距离）and is reduced to thickness hf by a pair of rotating rolls, each roll being powered through its own shaft by electric motors （电动机） Vr: The surface speed of the rolls（轧辊的速度） V0: The velocity of the strip at the entrance（板材入口处的速度） Vf: The velocity of the strip at the exit（板材出口处的速度） neutral point（中性点）or no-slip point(无滑动点) :one point along the contact length where the velocity of the strip is the same as that of the roll. 由于速度在中性点前后不一致引起摩擦力的方向在中性点两侧不一致 (1) Frictional Forces（摩擦力-平扎中材料前行的驱动力） The rolls pull the material into the roll gap through a net frictional force（净摩擦力） on the material. 摩擦力的危害：1) energy is dissipated in overcoming friction;2) high friction could damage the surface of the rolled product The maximum possible draft（压下量）, defined as the difference between the initial and final thicknesses, (ho-hf), is a function of the coefficient of friction,μ,and the roll radius, R: ho-hf =ūR Thus, the higher the friction and the larger the roll radius, the grater the maximum possible draft (and reduction in thickness) becomes. (2) Roll Force（轧制力）：F= L W Yavg 减少轧制力的措施：1）reducing friction; 2)using smaller-diameter rolls ;3)taking smaller reductions per pass;4）rolling at elevated temperatures (3)Spreading现象： 对于有高宽厚比的厚板或者薄板的轧制，材料的宽度在轧制过程中基本保持不变，但对于宽厚比较小的厚板或薄板的轧制，材料的宽度在轧制的过程中增加的现象叫做Spreadin