英语语法（04动词A）.pptVIP

Unit Four: Verbs and Verb Phrases （I） Issues of this unit: 1) Inflexions of English verbs 动词形变 2) Classification of verbs 动词的分类 3) Tense, aspect, voice, mood 时体态式 ; 1) Inflexions of verbs The general rules for the morphological change: 动词词根 {-词尾变化Z} {-词尾变化D1} {-词尾变化D2} {-词尾变化-i?} Examples: –––VS ride work –––{-Z} rides works –––{-D1} rode worked –––{-D2} ridden worked –––{-i?} riding working ; Conversions: {-D1}+{-D2}=[-d, -t, -id] with the “regular verbs”: -d after b, g, v, e, z, dg, m, n, l ... -t after p, f, k, θ, ts -id after t, d 一些不规则动词本身已可做规则变化，如： learn (learnt, learnt) learned; work (wrought, wrought) worked kneel (knelt, knelt), kneeled; leap (leapt, leapt) leaped 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，一般词典后都有一个表专门列出。但我们似乎可以重新整理，使不规则动词变为一定意义的“规则动词”。 ; Let’s assume: ABC为形式1、2、3，我们可以把不规则动词与原形比，其过去式、过去分词变化（包括音变）归入下面几类： AAA类： (无词形变化) set set set / put put put / cost cost cost ABA类： (仅过去式变化) run ran run / come came come become became become AAB类： (仅过去分词变化) beat beat beaten / browbeat ; ABB类： (过去式与过去分词变化相同) teach taught taught / read read read (音变) speed sped sped / catch caught caught hold held held / stand stood stood ABC类： (过去式与过去分词变化不相同) bear bore born / choose chose chosen take took taken / forget forgot forgotten shake shook shaken / write wrote written 以上5类可以基本涵盖全部不规则动词。; 2) Classification of verbs 动词的分类 transitive verb: take, put … main verb intransitive verb: go, sleep … link verb: be, look, sound … V 3 primary aux.: be, do, have auxiliary 13 modal aux.: can, may, shall.. semi-aux.: have to, seem to … dynamic verb: work, talk, think … V static verb: want, differ, know … (一般不用进行时); 注意：这些分类不是绝对的，由于一词多义现象，动词的不同使用可以跨类别。例如： The young lady usually walks her dog after supper. We eat what we can, but can what we cannot. I am hoping that you would see what is wrong