【2017年整理】Chapter15 Food safety.ppt

④Veterinary Drug Residues（兽药残留） Approximately 42% of all veterinary pharmaceuticals used worldwide are used as feed additives, 19% are used as anti-infective, 13% as parasiticide, 11% as biological, and 15% in other pharmaceutical capacities. First used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of mastitis and other microbial infections in dairy cows. This led to their widespread use as feed supplements. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. ④ Veterinary drug residues 定义：指给动物使用兽药或饲料添加剂后，药物的原形及其代谢产物可蓄积或贮存于动物的细胞、组织、器官或可食性产品（如蛋、奶中），是兽药在动物性食品中的残留。 主要是抗生素残留：四环素、土霉素、氯霉素、呋喃唑酮类、生长激素等。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Five major classes of animal drugs Topical antiseptic, bactericides, fungicides used to treat skin or hoof infection Ionophores: alter stomach microorganisms to digest feeds more efficiently and to protect against some parasites Hormone and hormone like production enhancers Antiparasite Antibiotics used to prevent infections, treat disease and promote growth Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Five major classes of antimicrobial beta-lactam: penicillin and cephalosporin（头孢菌素） Tetracycline（四环素类）：oxytetracycline （土霉素），tetracycline Aminoglycoside （氨胍基类）：streptomycin（链霉素），neomycin（新霉素） Sulfonamide（磺胺类）：sulfamethazine（磺胺甲嘧啶） Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 兽药残留的危害 急性中毒?? 过敏反应和变态反应 三致作用 对胃肠道菌群的影响? 细菌耐药性增加：经常食用低剂量药物残留的食品可使细菌产生耐药性，动物反复接触某一种抗菌药后，体内会产生大量耐药性菌株，这些菌株通过人摄入动物性食物进入人体，当人体发生疾病时，给临床上感染性疾病的治疗带来一定的困难，如耐受金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的菌株。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. “瘦肉精” 盐酸克伦特罗又称氨哮素、克喘素，化学名称为羟甲叔丁肾上腺素。该药物可选择性地作用于肾上腺素β2受体，是一种强效激动剂，可引起交感神经兴奋，在治疗剂量下，具有松弛气管平滑肌作用，用于治疗哮喘。