网络信息systemchapter4.pptVIP

Chapter 4 The Medium Access Control Sublayer (介质访问子层) Content The Medium Access Control Sublayer The Channel Allocation Problem Multiple Access Protocols Ethernet Wireless LANs Broadband Wireless Data Link Layer Switching Abstract Networks can be divided into two categories those using point-to-point connections those using broadcast channels. This chapter deals with broadcast networks and their protocols. The Channel Allocation Problem In any broadcast network, the key issue is how to determine who gets to use the channel when there is competition for it. When only a single channel is available, determining who should go next is much harder. Broadcast channels are sometimes referred to as multiaccess channels or random access channels. Where does the issue solve(1) The protocols used to determine who goes next on a multiaccess channel belong to a sublayer of the data link layer called the MAC (Medium Access Control) sublayer. The MAC sublayer is especially important in LANs, many of which use a multiaccess channel as the basis for communication. Technically, the MAC sublayer is the bottom part of the data link layer. Where does the issue solve(2) The Types of Channel Allocation Static Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs Dynamic Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs Advantage of Static Channel Allocation The traditional way of allocating a single channel, such as a telephone trunk, among multiple competing users is Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM). Divide the bandwidth into equal sized portions so that each user can be assigned one portion. When there is only a small and constant number of users, each of which has a heavy (buffered) load of traffic (e.g., carriers switching offices), FDM is a simple and efficient allocation mechanism. Disadvantage of Static Channel Allocation If fewer than users are currently interested in communication, some portions of spectrum will be wasted. If more than users want to communicate, some of them will be