921地震对砾石层堆积土体破坏之探讨.doc

邊坡崩塌運動之觀測試驗 許淑玲(1) 游繁結(2) 吳仁明(3) 摘 要 土石流溪谷邊坡崩塌地所產生之土石為土石流之主要材料來源，當邊坡崩積土與雨水混合後，因為重力順著地表斜坡移動，形成的土石流 1.　3組試驗材料下(分別為均勻粒徑之粗粒料的砂土、均勻粒徑之細粒料的砂質壤土、混合粒徑的壤質砂土)，每組進行72次之試驗中，砂土崩塌的次數為69次，砂質壤土崩塌的次數為37次，壤質砂土崩塌的次數為44次。顯示細粒料或混合粒徑的土體較安定。 2.　土體崩塌後堆積長度和堆積長度與堆積高度的比值（L/H）隨底床坡度增加而增加，而形狀係數和堆積傾斜角卻隨底床坡度增加而減少。 3.　三種土體中，壤質砂土之崩塌長度及L/H值較大，而砂質壤土之形狀係數、堆積傾斜角較大。 4.　土體崩塌後堆積長度及L/H隨含水量增加而減少 ，而形狀係數及堆積傾斜角隨含水量增加而增加。 5.　以粗糙度較小的壓克力板為底床時土體崩塌後堆積長度、形狀係數及L/H值皆大於粗糙度大之鋼板為底床材料的堆積結果；另以鋼板為底床時土體崩塌後堆積傾斜角大於以壓克力板為底床的堆積結果。 (關鍵詞： (1)國立中興大學水土保持研究所碩士班研究生 (2)國立中興大學水土保持系教授 (3)國立中興大學水土保持研究所博士班研究生 ABSTRACT The mixtures of sand, gravel, silt and water move down by gravity along the slope and become extensive accumulation in the downstream. In order to understand how the colluvial mass transfer into debris flow. The movement behaviors of landslide were observed by laboratory expeniment. We used different condition as five kinds of water content, three kinds of grain size and two kinds of channel bed materials. The results were shown as follows: 1. The test used three test materials. One material has 72 trids. In 72 trids , the number of sand collapses is 69 sets. The Loam collapses is 37 sets. The mix collapses is 44 times. It is obvious that the fine particle or mix particle of soil is steady more than coarse particle of soil. 2. When the channel slope increases, landslide length (L) and area(A)increase. When the channel slop increases, form factor (A/L2) and deposition angle decrease. 3. The sand contained with fine particle has longer landslide length and higher L/H value. The loam has higher A/L2 and deposition angle. 4. When water content increases, the landslide length, area and L/H value decrease. When water content increases, the A/L2 and deposition angle increase. 5. When channel bed is made of acrylic board, the landslide length, A/L2 and L/H value is higher than using steel board. When channel base is steel board, the deposition angle is bigger than using acrylic board. (Keywords：Landslide, ater Content, Colluvial