CIVE3610–WaterSupplyandTreatment.docVIP

CIVE 3610 – Water Supply and Treatment Fall Semester 2004 Homework #3 – Solution A town requiring 1.0 m3/s of drinking water has two sources, a local well with 60 g/m3 nitrate and a distant reservoir with 10g/m3 nitrate. Draw a diagram showing all the inputs, outputs, and variables. What flow rates of well and reservoir are needed to meet the 45g/m3 drinking water standard and minimize the use of more expensive reservoir water? a. Draw a diagram showing all the inputs, outputs, and variables. b. What flow rates of well and reservoir are needed to meet the 45g/m3 drinking water standard and minimize the use of more expensive reservoir water? QW * CW+ QR * CR= QF * CF QW * (60g/m3) + QR * (10g/m3) = (1.0m3/s) * (45 g/m3) (1) 60QW + 10QR = 45 Minimize Reservoir, QW + QR = 1 m3/s (2) QR = 1-QW 60 QW +10(1- QW) = 45 g/s 60 QW + 10 –10 QW = 45 g/s 50 QW = 35 QW = 0.70 m3/s; QR = 0.3 m3/s During a chemical reaction, the following concentrations of Species A at various times were observed. Determine: The reaction order and reaction rate constant, k The concentration of A after 20hrs. Time, hours Concentration, mg/L 0 50.8 7.5 32 15 19.7 22.5 12.3 30 7.6 Solution: The reaction order and reaction rate constant, k Assume a first order reaction. The plot of ln (Ct) versus time is shown in Figure 1. Since the plot is a straight line, the reaction is a first order reaction. The slope of line gives the rate constant ‘k’. Figure 1. Plot of ln (Ct) vs. Time Rate constant K = [ln (50.8) –ln (7.6)] /30hrs] = [(3.92-2.03) / 30] = 0.063/hr The concentration of A after 20hrs Ct/ CO = e - (k * t) Ct = (50.8 mg/L) e - (0.063 * 20) =14.3 mg/L A completely mixed chemical reactor has an influent flow with a concentration of 150 mg/L of A and flowrate of 100 gal/ min. The reaction is first order and the rate constant is 0.4/