MeasurementofEarly-AgeDeformationofConcrete.docVIP

Measurement of Early-Age Deformation of Concrete Problem Significance: Despite our best efforts to avoid it, many concrete structures are still plagued by early-age cracking. In addition to detracting from the aesthetics of the concrete, such cracks may substantially reduce the service life of the structure. Not surprisingly, in recent years, substantial research has been performed on the causes of early-age cracking and mitigation methods. A state-of-the-art report will soon be available from ACI committee 231. Two of the major contributors to stresses and strains developing in concrete structures during the first week after casting are thermal effects and self-desiccation. Because the volume occupied by the products of cement hydration is less than that of the reactants (including water), a net chemical shrinkage will occur, and when extra curing water is unavailable, will result in self-desiccation and the creation of empty porosity within the hydrating cement paste. The menisci created during the self-desiccation process (in general, the largest pores will be the first to empty) will create substantial capillary stresses and also cause a measurable decrease in the internal relative humidity of the concrete. These stresses in turn may cause considerable shrinkage of the concrete, and may contribute to early-age cracking, particularly when the concrete is externally restrained. Surprisingly, at present, no standard test method exists for measuring the early-age deformation of concrete. A method based on small sealed corrugated tubes for mortars and cement pastes only is currently being standardized in ASTM C09-68 Volume Change subcommittee. The goal of the project outlined in this proposal will be to determine the feasibility of utilizing a simple and readily available means for obtaining this data from measurements performed on freshly cast concrete cylinders. Proposed Approach: Recently, in Belgium, Craeye and De Schutter have demonstrated a vert