MetalProcessing-PennStateCollegeofEngineering.pptVIP

METALS Composition and Microstructure Ferrous Metals and Alloys Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys Specifications and Proof Testing Corrosion Composition and Microstructure Metal: element that readily loses electrons to form positive ions, characterized by high electrical conductivity and malleable Alloy: combinations of metals in a crystalline structure Structure of Metals Microstructural properties determine all of the material properties of metals and alloys. Different from Covalent and Ionic Bonds Alloying Structure 3-D lattice in metalic bonds provides opportunity for other element to occupy some of the positions. or for small element to enter the lattice Interstitial Alloy Between atomic lattice location 60% of the size of the lattice atoms only a small % can fit interstitially For Transition metals only a few fit H, B, C, N Substitutional Alloy Replacing elements in the lattice + 15% radius of lattice atoms large percentage is possible Alloys may contain both interstitial and substitutional elements Forming a Crystalline Structure Liquid: large degree of disorder Freezing Point: order begins to form Grain Initiation: initiation energy Solidification: ordered lattice structures form Grain Boundary: separate lattices collide FCC:BCC or FCC:FCC with different angle Forming a Crystalline Structure Grain Structure: each grain has its own lattice structure (FCC, BCC, HCP). Introduction to Steel Production Commercial Forms Applications Microstructure Strengthening Mechanisms Corrosion Metal Processing Crushing and Calcining, or Separation Extraction Smelting Ore is melted and separated in solution Electrolytic processing electric furnace or process is used to separate metal Leaching (liquid processing) metal is recovered from leachate Ferrous Metals principle element is iron, cast iron, steel, wrought iron. Metals come from ore, minerals ore consists of metal and gangue (valueless extra) Mining open pit underground Refining the Metal Refining the Me