OrdinaryDifferentialEquations-MechanicalEngineering.pdfVIP

Ordinary Differential Equations Ch. 25 Orientation • ODE’s – Motivation – Mathematical Background • Runge-Kutta Methods – Euler’s Method – Huen and Midpoint methods Lesson Objectives • Be able to classify ODE’s and distinguish ODE’s from PDE’s. • Be able to reduce nth order ODE’s to a system of first order ODE’s. • Understand the visual representations of Euler’s method. • Know the relationship of Euler’s Method to the Taylor series expansion and the insight it provides regarding the error of the method • Understand the difference between local and global truncation errors for Euler’s method. 1 Ordinary Differential Equations: Motivation • Very Common in Engineering • Fundamental laws are based on changes in physical properties – Q =-k dT/dx Fourier’s Law – F= d/dt (mv) Newton’s 2nd law • Many ODEs can be solved analytically, however more complex ones must be attacked numerically Differential Equations: Classification • Order of a differential Equation. • Ordinary vs. Partial differential equations. • Linear/Non-linear y −y 0 mx’’ + cx’ + kx = F(t) 2 2 ∂ T ∂ T + 0 ∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂u ∂u ( ) u + v F t ∂x ∂y ODEs – Numerical Solutions • Concentrate on 1st order ODE’s because higher order ODE’s can be reduced to a set of 1st order ODEs • 1st Order ODE F(x,y,y’)=0 y −y + x 0 • 2nd