PLLandNoise-LUMS.pptVIP

Oct 13, 2005 CS477: Analog and Digital Communications Oct 13, 2005 Autumn 2005-2006 CS477: Analog and Digital Communications PLL and Noise in Analog Systems Analog and Digital Communications Autumn 2005-2006 FM Detection: Phase Lock Loops Phase Lock Loops Used in Modulators and demodulators Synchronizers Frequency synthesizers Multiplexers Locks or synchronizes the external angle with the output angle of VCO A negative feedback system based on phase comparison PLL: Phase Comparator Linearized PLL Models Linearized PLL Models FM Detection using Linear PLL Model Non-linearities in FM Noise White Noise Filtered/Colored Noise Noise Equivalent Bandwidth * * Basic Task of PLL: Lock the instantaneous angle of a VCO with the instantaneous angle of an external signal. i.e., lock (or track) the phase and frequency. VCO LPF LPF Integrator Assumptions: 1. Incoming frequency is approximately the same as the VCO free running frequency 2. Phase error is small such that: Consider phases as the signals for further analysis First order PLL requires loop gain to be greater than the frequency deviation Thus second order PLLs are used in practice. (for FM input) If is a lowpass filter, i.e., Then is a first-order lowpass filter We need a BPF; what are the requirements? (Non-linear channel) FM transmission is robust against channel variations! (Carson’s rule) With this BPF, output is: Unlike AM, FM can combat amplitude non-linearities! LPF *