StrengthofMaterialsandFailureTheories-TheCAT.docVIP

Strength of Materials and Failure Theories State of Stress This is a 2D state of stress – only the independent stress components are named. A single stress component ?z can exist on the z-axis and the state of stress is still called 2D and the following equations apply. To relate failure to this state of stress, three important stress indicators are derived: Principal stress, maximum shear stress, and VonMises stress. Principal stresses: If ?y=0 (common case) then If ?x =??y=0 then ?1 =??2 ???????xy. If ??y= ?xy = 0, then ?1 = ?x and ?2=0. Principle stresses (?1,?2) can be both positive, both negative, or one positive and one negative. ?3 can also be positive or negative. Maximum shear stress. If ?3=0, the The Vom Mises stress: When ?3=0, the von Mises stress is: When only ?x, and ?xy are present (as in combined torsion and bending/axial stress or pure torsion), there is no need to calculate the principal stresses, the Von Mises stress is: Note that in pure shear or pure torsion ?x =0. If ?x =0, then According to distortion energy theory, yielding occurs when ?v reached the yield strength Sy. Therefore in pure shear, yielding occurs when ?xy reaches 58% of Sy. Common loading applications and stresses (when oriented properly) Direct Tension/Compression (only ?x) Beam bending (only ?x on top/bottom) Pure torsion (only ?xy ) Rotating shafts (bending + torsion) – (?x and ?xy) Problem #S1 A member under load has a point with the following state of stress: Determine ?1, ?2, ?max (Ans: 11444 tensile, 6444 Compressive, 8944 psi) Strain (one dimensional) A bar changes length under the influence of axial forces and temperature changes. Total strain definition: Total strain is a combination of mechanical and thermal strains: Both the mechanical and the thermal strains are algebraic values. ?T is positive for an increase in temperature. F is positive when it is a tensile force. Problem #S2 The end of the