苦苣菜的生药学鉴定.doc

苦苣菜的生药鉴别 朱芸 李鹏* (石河子大学药学院/新疆特种植物药资源教育部重点实验室，石河子 832002) 摘要 目的：对苦苣菜进行生药学鉴定。方法：采用药材基原鉴定 、性状鉴定 、显微及理化鉴别方法。结果：苦苣菜主要鉴别特征为：药材茎黄绿色，具纵棱，基部略带淡紫色，断面中空。叶互生，皱缩破碎，羽状深至全裂，裂片边缘有小尖刺；叶表皮以不等式气孔为主；叶柄中为外韧型维管束，韧皮部周围细胞含棕色颗粒物；粉末中非腺毛、方晶、乳汁管、具缘纹孔等特征明显。主要含有黄酮类成分，乙醇提取液在206、232 和333 nm处有明显的紫外吸收。结论：性状和显微鉴别及理化鉴别方法能有效鉴别苦苣菜，为制定苦苣菜的质量标准和利用提供鉴别依据。 关键词：苦苣菜；生药学鉴定；基原鉴定；性状鉴定；显微鉴别；理化鉴别 中图分类号： R931.5 文献标识码： A 文章编号： Pharmacognostic?identification of Sonchus oleraceus L. Zhu Yun, Li Peng* （School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Phytomedicine Resources Modernization of TCM, Shihezi 832002, China） Abstract ObjectiveTo?identify Sonchus oleraceus L. by pharmacognosy. Methods: The means of morphological, macroscopical, microscopical, physical and chemical identification were adopted for the pharmacognostic study. Results: The?main?characteristics?of?the crude drug are?the follows. The stem of herbs is yellowish green, with longitudinal ribs, and the base of crude drug is lavender, the fracture surface is hollow. Leaves grow alternate, shrunken and broken, feathered deep to the whole crack, lobe margin with small spikes. Anisocytic stomata燼pparatus distribute爄n爈eaf爀pidermis. ?featPetiole vascular is collateral bundle. The cell contains brown particles around the phloem. There are obvious non-glandular hairs, columnar crystal, secretory cavity and pitted vessel in powder form. The herb mainly contains flavonoid compositions, the alcohol extract has obvious ultraviolet absorption at 206.5, 232, 333爊m. Conclusion: 断The means of morphological, microscopical, physical and chemical identification can effectively identify the crude drug, the?pharmacognostic燾haracteristics爋f爐he herb can爌rovide燽asis爁or爀stablish爐he爍uality爏tandard of Sonchus爋leraceus L.?333爊m. Conc Keywords: Sonchus oleraceusL.; Pharmacognostic identification; origin identification; morphological?identification; microscopic?identification; physio-chemical?identification 苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus L.为菊科（Compositae）苦苣菜属（Sonchus）两年或多年生草本植物。