Antibacterial compounds from Rutaceae with activities against Flavobacterium columnare and Streptococcus iniae.docVIP

Vol.2, No.4, 90-100 (2013) Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment /10.4236/jacen.2013.24014 Antibacterial compounds from Rutaceae with activities against Flavobacterium columnare and Streptococcus iniae Kumudini M. Meepagala , Kevin K. Schrader , Charles L. Burandt 1* 2 2 1 * 2 USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS, USA; Corresponding Author: kmeepaga@ University of Mississippi National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS, USA Received 25 July 2013; revised 7 September 2013; accepted 19 September 2013 Copyright ? 2013 Kumudini M. Meepagala et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT ern US [1]. Mortalities in pond populations of catfish from columnaris disease can be as high as 50% - 60% [1]. Direct economic losses to catfish producers are likely millions of dollars annually from single or mixed infec- tions involving F. columnare [2]. The Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium Flavobacterium columnare is the cause of columnaris disease. Two genomovars of F. col- umnare have been identified, with genomovar II isolates attributed as being more pathogenic towards channel cat- fish [3]. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) From the ethyl acetate extract of Murraya koe- negii (Rutaceae) leaves, isomahanine (1) and mahanine (2) were isolated that showed anti- bacterial activity towards Flavobacterium col- umnare and Streptococcus iniae which caused columnaris disease and streptococcosis re- spectively. Isomahanine was found to have the strongest activity against F. columnare (isolate ALM-00-173) and S. iniae (isolate LA94-426) based on 24