Antigravity—Its Manifestations and Origin.docVIP

International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2013, 3, 227-235 /10.4236/ijaa.2013.33027 Published Online September 2013 (/journal/ijaa) Antigravity—Its Manifestations and Origin Michal K?í?ek , Lawrence Somer 1 2 Institute of Mathematics, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic 1 2 Department of Mathematics, Catholic University of America, Washington DC, USA Email: krizek@cesnet.cz, somer@ Received May 11, 2013; revised June 13, 2013; accepted June 20, 2013 Copyright ? 2013 Michal K?í?ek, Lawrence Somer. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribu- tion License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Dark energy has been introduced in order to explain the observed acceleration of the expansion of our Universe. It seems to be distributed almost uniformly and it has an essential influence on the present value of the Hubble constant which characterizes the rate of this expansion. The Newtonian theory of gravitation is formulated so that the laws of conservation of energy and momentum hold. However, the Universe is designed so that the total amount of energy is slowly, but continually increasing, since its expansion is accelerating. Our examples show that even the Solar System and also our Galaxy imperceptibly expand thanks to dark energy whose origins are tiny antigravity forces. We claim that these forces appear due to the finite speed of gravitational interaction, which causes gravitational aberration effects. We show that effects of dark energy are observable; they are not only globally, but also in local systems. These effects can be measured and are comparable with the present value of the Hubble constant. Keywords: Hubble Parameter; Dark Energy; Antigravity; Cosmological Constant; Gravitational Aberration; Conservation of Ener