基本句型及被动语态.doc

基本句型： （一）陈述句 1. 陈述句的肯定式主语+谓语+其他 e.g. That boy often helps other.I went to the cinema yesterday. 2. 陈述句的否定式 1) be的否定式 a. 用作系动词时主语+ be + not + 表语+ 其他 e.g. She is not a teacher. b. 用作助动词：用于be going to do/ be going/be done等结构 结构：主语+ be + not + 动词的现在分词或过去分词+ 其他 e.g. Jim isn’t playing football. 2) 助动词和情态动词的否定式 e.g. Man can’t live without water. 3) 除not 外，其他否定词也可构成否定句 a. 用no 表示，no=not any, not a e.g. He has no sisters.=He doesn’t have any sisters. b. never 绝不，从来不 e.g. I have never seen such a man. c. little, few 几乎没有 e.g. There are few students in the classroom. d. no one/ nobody 没有人 e.g. No one/ Nobody is interested in the book. e. nothing 什么也没有 e.g. There is nothing wrong with you. neither of ……没有什么人(用于两者都不) none of ……没有任何人，什么都没有(用于三者及三者以上都不) e.g. Neither of them has ever been to Beijing. g. seldom很少，hardly 几乎不 e.g. I seldom go to hospital. I can hardly say a word. h. too……to……太……以至于不能…… e.g. He is too late to catch the bus. （二）感叹句 1由what 引导的感叹句 a. What + a/ an + 形容词+ 单数可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语! e.g. What a beautiful girl she is! b. What+ 形容词+ 复数可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语! e.g. What important jobs they have done! c. What + 形容词+ 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语! e.g. What sweet water it is! 2由how引导的感叹句 a. How + 形容词或副词+ 主语+ 谓语! e.g. How interesting the dog is! b. How + 形容词+ a/ an +单数可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语! e.g. How useful a subject they are learning！ c. How + 主语+ 谓语! e.g. How time flies! 3一些特殊形式 a. 在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹变成感叹句，表示某种强烈的感情 e.g. He runs so fast! Do read it carefully! b. 感叹句也可以表示强烈感情的一个词或词组 e.g. Wonderful! Look out Great! c. 以there, here 等副词开头的感叹句 e.g. There she isHere goes the bell! 练习： 1. _________ food youve cooked! A. How a nice　　 B. What a nice　　 C. How nice　 D. What nice 2. _________terrible weather weve been having these days!　A. What　 B. What a　　 C. How　 D. How a　 3. --- ___________ I had!--- You really suffered a lot.A. What a time　　 B. What time　　 C. How a time　 D. how time （三）祈使句：祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。 1)动词原形（省略主语） e.g. Come in! Be quiet! 有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前加上do, 表示“务