Availability of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi to Black Spruce above the Present Treeline in Eastern Labrador.docVIP

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Availability of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi to Black Spruce above the Present Treeline in Eastern Labrador.doc

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Availability of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi to Black Spruce above the Present Treeline in Eastern Labrador

AvailabilityofEctomycorrhizalFungitoBlackSpruce abovethePresentTreelineinEasternLabrador LauraReithmeier1,GavinKernaghan2* 1BiologyDepartment,DalhousieUniversity,Halifax,NovaScotia,Canada,2BiologyDepartment,MountSt.VincentUniversity,Halifax,NovaScotia,Canada Abstract Ectomycorrhizalfungi(ECMF)areanimportantbioticfactorinthesurvivalofconiferseedlingsunderstressfulconditions and therefore have the potential to facilitate conifer establishment into alpine and tundra habitats. In order to assess patternsofectomycorrhizalavailabilityandcommunitystructureabovetreeline,weconductedsoilbioassaysinwhichPicea mariana(blackspruce)seedlingsweregrowninfield-collectedsoilsundercontrolledconditions.Soilswerecollectedfrom distinctalpinehabitats,eachdominatedbyadifferentectomycorrhizalhostshrub:Betulaglandulosa,Arctostaphylosalpina + orSalixherbacaea.Withineachhabitat,halfofthesoilscollectedcontainedrootsofectomycorrhizalshrubs(host )andthe other half were free of host plants (host2). Forest and glacial moraine soils were also included for comparison. Fungi formingectomycorrhizaeduringthebioassayswereidentifiedbyDNAsequencing.OurresultsindicatethatECMFcapable ofcolonizingblacksprucearewidespreadabovethecurrenttreelineinEasternLabradorandthatthelevelofavailable inoculum has a significant influence on the growth of seedlings under controlled conditions. Many of the host2 soils possessedappreciablelevelsofectomycorrhizalinoculum,likelyintheformofsporebanks.Inoculumlevelsinthesesoils maybeinfluencedbysporeproductionfromneighboringsoilswhereectomycorrhizalshrubsarepresent.Underpredicted temperatureincreases,ectomycorrhizalinoculuminsoilswithhostshrubsaswellasinnearbysoilswithouthostshrubs havethepotentialtofacilitateconiferestablishmentabovethepresenttreeline. Citation:ReithmeierL,KernaghanG(2013)AvailabilityofEctomycorrhizalFungitoBlackSpruceabovethePresentTreelineinEasternLabrador.PLoSONE8(10): e77527.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077527 Editor:FrancescodeBello,InstituteofBotany,Cz