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Balanced Identity in the Minimal Groups Paradigm.doc

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Balanced Identity in the Minimal Groups Paradigm

BalancedIdentityintheMinimalGroupsParadigm YarrowDunham* DepartmentofPsychology,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,Connecticut,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract BalancedIdentityTheory[1]formalizesasetofrelationshipsbetweengroupattitude,groupidentification,andself-esteem. While these relationships have been demonstrated for familiar and highly salient social categories, questions remain regardingthegeneralityofthebalancephenomenonanditscausalversusdescriptivestatus.Supportingthegeneralityand rapidity of cognitive balance, four studies demonstrate that the central predictions of balance are supported even for previouslyunfamiliar‘‘minimal’’socialgroupstowhichparticipantshavejustbeenrandomlyassigned.Further,supportinga causal as opposed to merely descriptive interpretation, manipulating any one component of the balance model (group attitude, group identification, or self-esteem) affects at least one of the related components. Interestingly, the broader patternofcognitivebalancewaspreservedacrosssuchmanipulationsonlywhenthemanipulationstrengthensasopposes toweakensthemanipulatedconstruct.Takentogether,thesefindingsindicatethatBalancedIdentityTheoryhaspromiseas a general theory of intergroup attitudes, and that it may be able to shed light on prior inconsistencies concerning the relationshipbetweenself-esteemandintergroupbias. Citation:DunhamY(2013)BalancedIdentityintheMinimalGroupsParadigm.PLoSONE8(12):e84205.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084205 Editor:FrankKrueger,GeorgeMasonUniversity/KrasnowInstituteforAdvancedStudy,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedAugust5,2013;AcceptedNovember12,2013;PublishedDecember31,2013 Copyright: ?2013YarrowDunham.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Theauthorhasnofundingorsupporttoreport. CompetingInterests:Theauthorhasdeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:yarrow.dunham@ Introduc