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Behaviours Associated with Acoustic Communication in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).doc

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Behaviours Associated with Acoustic Communication in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

BehavioursAssociatedwithAcousticCommunicationin NileTilapia(Oreochromisniloticus) NicolasLongrie1,PascalPoncin2,MathieuDenoe¨l2,VincentGennotte3,JohannDelcourt2, EricParmentier1* 1Laboratory ofFunctionalandEvolutionaryMorphology,UniversityofLie`ge,Lie`ge,Belgium,2Laboratory ofFishandAmphibianEthology,BehaviouralBiologyUnit, UniversityofLie`ge,Lie`ge,Belgium,3AquacultureResearchandEducationCenter(CEFRA),UniversityofLie`ge, Tihange,Belgium Abstract Background: Sound production is widespread among fishes and accompanies many social interactions. The literature reports twenty-nine cichlid species known to produce sounds during aggressive and courtship displays, but the precise rangeinbehaviouralcontextsisunclear.ThisstudyaimstodescribethevariousOreochromisniloticusbehavioursthatare associated with sound production in order to delimit the role of sound during different activities, including agonistic behaviours,pitactivities,andreproductionandparentalcarebymalesandfemalesofthespecies. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Soundsmostlyoccurduringtheday.Thesoundsrecordedduringthisstudyaccompany previouslyknownbehaviours,andnoparticularbehaviourissystematicallyassociatedwithsoundproduction.Malesand femalesmakesoundsduringterritorialdefencebutnotduringcourtshipandmating.Soundssupportvisualbehavioursbut arenotusedalone.Duringagonisticinteractions,acallingOreochromisniloticusdoesnotbiteafterproducingsounds,and moresoundsareproducedindefenceofterritorythanfordominatingindividuals.Femalesproducesoundstodefendeggs butnotlarvae. Conclusion/Significance:Soundsareproducedtoreinforcevisualbehaviours.Moreover,comparisonswithO.mossambicus indicate two sister species can differ in their use of sound, their acoustic characteristics, and the function of sound production.Thesefindingssupporttheroleofsoundsindifferentiatingspeciesandpromotingspeciation.Theyalsomake clearthattheassociationofsoundswithspecificlife-cyclerolescannotbegeneralizedtotheentiretaxa. Citation:LongrieN,PoncinP,D