Chemical Variation in a Dominant Tree Species Population Divergence, Selection and Genetic Stability across Environments.docVIP

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Chemical Variation in a Dominant Tree Species Population Divergence, Selection and Genetic Stability across Environments.doc

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Chemical Variation in a Dominant Tree Species Population Divergence, Selection and Genetic Stability across Environments

ChemicalVariationinaDominantTreeSpecies: PopulationDivergence,SelectionandGeneticStability acrossEnvironments JulianneM.O’Reilly-Wapstra1,3*,AlisonM.Miller1,3,MatthewG.Hamilton1,3,DeanWilliams2, NaomiGlancy-Dean1,BradM.Potts1,3 1School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 2Forestry Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 3National Centre for Future Forest Industries,UniversityofTasmania,Hobart,Tasmania,Australia Abstract Understandingamongandwithinpopulationgeneticvariationofecologicallyimportantplanttraitsprovidesinsightinto thepotentialevolutionaryprocessesaffectingthosetraits.Thestrengthandconsistencyofselectiondrivingvariabilityin traits would be affected by plasticity in differences among genotypes across environments (G6E). We investigated populationdivergence,selectionandenvironmentalplasticityoffoliarplantsecondarymetabolites(PSMs)inadominant treespecies,Eucalyptusglobulus.UsingtwocommongardentrialsweexaminedvariationinPSMsatmultiplegeneticscales; among12populationscoveringthefullgeographicrangeofthespeciesandamongupto60familieswithinpopulations. SignificantgeneticvariationintheexpressionofmanyPSMsresidesbothamongandwithinpopulationsofE.globuluswith moderate(e.g.,sideroxylonalAh2op=0.24)tohigh(e.g.,macrocarpalGh2op=0.48)narrowsenseheritabilitiesandhigh coefficientsofadditivegeneticvariationestimatedforsomecompounds.AcomparisonofQstandFstestimatessuggest that variability in some of these traits may be due to selection. Importantly, there was no genetic by environment interactionintheexpressionofanyofthequantitativechemicaltraitsdespiteoftensignificantsiteeffects.Theseresults provideevidencethatnaturalselectionhascontributedtopopulationdivergenceinPSMsinE.globulus,andidentifiesthe formylatedphloroglucinolcompounds(particularlysideroxylonal)andadominantoil,1,8-cineole,ascandidatesfortraits whosegeneticarchitecturehasbeenshapedbydivergentselection.Additionally,asthegeneticdifferencesinthesePSMs thatinfluencecommunityphenotypesi