核燃料后处理技术发展及其放射化学问题_叶国安.pdf

23 7 化 学 进 展 Vol ． 23 No ． 7 第 卷第 期 20 11 7 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Jul ． 20 11 年 月 核燃料后处理技术发展及其放射化学问题 * 叶国安 张 虎 (中国原子能科学研究院 北京 1024 13 ) 、 、 摘 要 从化学分离手段的改进 后处理的对象变化 与分离功能的拓展等方面较为系统地阐述了核燃 ; ， 料后处理技术发展过程及技术特点 以先进核能系统中分离嬗变为目标 概括总结了从第二代后处理技术向 Purex 、 第三代和第四代后处理技术发展过程中 流程 后续的分离工艺与处理快堆元件的干法后处理工艺中 的主要放射化学问题。 关键词 后处理 Purex 流程 次锕系元素 长寿命裂变产物元素 干法后处理 中图分类号:TL94 1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005 -28 1X (20 11)07 -1289 -06 A Review on the Development of Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Its Related Radiochemistry * Ye Guoan Zhang Hu (China Institute of Atomic Energy ，Beijing 1024 13 ，China) Abstract The development and its corresponding technical features of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing were reviewed systematically according to the changes of its applications to different spent fuels and separation improvements． Aiming at the partition and transmutation (P＆T )technologies in future advanced nuclear energy system ，the improvements of the Purex process from Generation Ⅱ reprocessing to Generations Ⅲ and Ⅳ reprocessing were highlighted ． The key radiochemical issues which should pay much attention in the Purex process and following partition processes as well as the dry reprocessing for spent nuclear fuel of fast reactors were summarized ． Key words reprocessing ;purex process ;minor actinides ;long-lived fission products