国际航空运输事故承运人先行付款制度研究——以1999年《蒙特利尔公约》第28条为分析文本.pdfVIP

. 190. 2016 年第 6 期 法律科学(西北政法大学学报) 文章编号:1674 -5205(2016)06-0 190-(009) 国际航空运输事故承运人先行付款制度研究 -一一以 1999 年《蒙特利尔公约》第 28 条为分析文本 张超汉 (西北政法大学国际法学院，陕西西安 710063 ) 〔摘 要〕 先行付款制度是统一国际航空运输事故承运人责任规则的新成果，是国际航空立法人本化的体 现，具有先进性和前瞻性，对保护空难受害人权益具有积极意义。该制度虽是一个理想法律构架，但具有软法性 质，在理解和适用中仍存困惑和模糊之处，其具体执行和实施因国别或地区不同而差异较大，出现破坏公约统一价 值和目标的端倪。为落实和履行国际义务，保护受害人权益，我国在修订《民用航空法》时应原则性地规定这一内 容，然后在部门规章中丰富先行付款的条件、范围、限额、期限以及违反该义务时的制裁措施等具体规则，使其装上 牙齿，以实现上位法与下位法的协调与统一，便于操作与执行。 〔关键词) 蒙特利尔公约};航空事故;先行付款;损害赔偿 Abstract :Advance payment is an innovation of unifyi吨 the carrier s liahility on intemational air transport accident. This advanced and fOlward - looking system is a reflection for humanitarian development of intemational aviation legislations and has certain positive effects on protecting consumer s interests on air disaster. Although it is an ideal legal frame , it still has a characteristic of soft law and exists some confusing problems when carried out in practice. Actually , its specific im- plementation and enforcement depends on carrier s domestic laws and has big differences based on different countries and m筒， le伊lations. Consequently , it appears the trend of destroying the uniform value and goal of convention. In order to carry out obligations of convention and protect consumer s interests , China should generally stipulate this content in the Civil Aviation Law of P. R. C and then specificaily enrich specific rules on condition , scope , amount , duration and sanc- tions when violated this obligations , etc , in the relevant regulations to harmonize and unify upper and lower laws. and bene-