【2017年整理】GMAT如何学？申友权威名师解读GMAT阅读解析14.docVIP

Passage14 By——申友Alice老师 In 1988 services moved ahead of manufacturing as the main product of the United States economy.//（第一层：1988年服务业超过制造业成为美国经济的主要产物） But （结构词，引出后文对服务业定义的对比）what is meant by “services”? Some economists define a service as something that is produced and consumed simultaneously, for example, （举例，第一遍读文时可略读）a haircut. The broader, classical definition is that a service is an intangible something that cannot be touched or stored. //（第二层：对于服务业，一些科学家的定义和传统的定义）Yet（结构词，表转折） electric utilities can store energy, and computer programmers save information electronically.Thus（结构词，表因果关系，引出作者得出的明确结论）, the classical definition is hard to sustain（负评价词）.//（第三层：明确提出结论，传统定义很难实行下去） The United States government’s definition is more practical（正评价词）: services are the residual category that includes everything that is not agriculture or industry. //（第一层：美国政府的定义更加实用：服务业包括除农业和工业外的所有范畴）Under this definition, services include activities as diverse as engineering and driving a bus. However（结构词，表转折）, besides lacking a strong conceptual framework, this definition fails to（负评价词） recognize the distinction between service industries and service occupations.（注意service industries 和service occupations双方） It categorizes workers based on their company’s final product rather than（结构词，注意） on the actual work the employees perform. Thus（结构词，引出后文中的例子证明美国政府定义存在的瑕疵）, the many service workers employed by manufacturers—bookkeepers or janitors, for example—（插入语，第一遍读文时可略读）would fall under the industrial rather than the services category.//（第二层：指出美国政府的定义仍存在缺点：无法区分服务行业和服务职业） Such ambiguities reveal the arbitrariness of this definition and suggest that, although（表让步） practical for government purposes, it does not accurately reflect （负评价词）the composition of the current United States economy.//（第三层：结论，尽管对于政府而言很实用，却没有准确反映出现代美国经济构成） 逻辑简图：新旧观点对比型 第一段 第一层：1988年服务业超过制造业成为美国经济的主要产物。 第二层：对于服务业，一些科学家的定义和传统的定义。 第三层：明确提出结论，传统定义很难实行下去。 第二段 第一层：美国政府的定义更加实用：服务业包括除农业和工业外的所有范畴。 第二层：指出美国政府的定义仍存在缺点：无法区分服务行业和服务职业。 第三层：