【2017年整理】托福阅读 句子插入题100%技巧.docVIP

【考试技巧】新托福插入题命中百分百2011年04月28日 11:15:19 在新托福阅读的考查中，每篇文章必会出现一类题，叫做Insert Text Questions，即插入句子题(简称插入题)。考试中，考生会遇到一句话，问该句插入文中哪里最合适。如下面例题： 　　▇The raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are general the dominant type of natural vegetation. ▇The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil.▇ This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion. ▇ 　　Look at the four squares ▇ that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage。 　　This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing。 　　Where would the sentence best fit? 　　(选自Official Guide P73) 　　按照ETS官方指南上的解析，这类题型重点考查英文句子间的逻辑语义关系，即英文中句子与句子是如何衔接在一起的。所以，只要掌握了英语句子间的衔接手法(cohesive devices)，这种问题便可迎刃而解。 　　那么，英文句子有哪些衔接手法呢？ 　　主要分为以下四种。 　　1. 代词(Pronouns) 　　具体包括人称代词、指示代词和关系代词等(personal, demonstrative, relative, etc)。在上下句的关联中，代词是最为紧密的一类词。当作者再次谈及上句相关话题时，为了避免重复，遵循语言学的最简单化原理，作者会用代词指代该话题词。例如， 　　Speaking a foreign language is an enormous asset in the modern world. This is why so many junior high schools are now offering language classes。 　　Todays teachers are faced with a stark choice. They must decide whether to teach in a way that helps student pass standardized exams or teach in a way that actually helps students learn。 　　2. 定冠词the + 名词(specific articles+nouns) 　　名词所指对象第一次出现时，用不定冠词a连接，当后句再次提及该名词对象时，为了表示它和前一句名词是同一关系，会用定冠词the引出。例如， 　　A woman is walking into our classroom. The woman is our teacher。 　　3. 重复话题词或同义近义改写(Repetition, synonym, or slight variation of a word) 　　上下句的衔接也可以通过重复话题词实现，或者是对该话题词进行相关改写。例如， 　　To foster healthy relationships between children in a classroom, teachers should provide time for games and fun activities. Having healthy relationships with their peers helps children gain confidence useful in other parts of their lives. (重复话题词) 　　Before choosing a public or private school