8图论习题.pdfVIP

第八章 习题课 P279(1)证明任何有向简单完全图中,所有结点的入度平方 之和等于所有结点出度平方之和. (设图有n个结点) 证明: 因有向简单完全图中每个结点v: degi(v) =dego(v) =n-1 故,所有结点的入度平方之和等于所有结点出度平方之和. 2 2 2 2 或者∑(degi(v)) -∑(dego(v)) = ∑[(degi(v)) -(dego(v)) ] = ∑{[(degi(v))+(dego(v))] [(degi(v)) -(dego(v))]} = 2(n-1)∑{[(degi(v)) -(dego(v))]}  = 2(n-1)0=0 所以∑(degi(v))2 =∑(dego(v))2   1 按照教材定义(将完全图的各个边任意添加方向，成为有 向完全图)证明: 因为对任何结点v有，degi(v)＋dego(v) ＝n-1 ∑degi(v)=∑dego(v) 2 2 2 2 或者∑(degi(v)) -∑(dego(v)) ＝∑ [(degi(v)) -(dego(v)) ] ＝∑{[(degi(v))+(dego(v))] [(degi(v)) -(dego(v))]} ＝(n-1)∑{[(degi(v)) -(dego(v))]} ＝(n-1)[∑degi(v)－∑dego(v)] ＝(n-1)0=0 所以∑(degi(v))2 =∑(dego(v))2 2 (2)画出右图的补图.                f V  V 1 1 a  a (4)证明下面两个图是同构的. b  b c  c  a a d  d f g j  f e  e b    e b  e f  f  i