主从复合句要点.docVIP

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主从复合句要点

宾语从句 【复习目标】 ▲掌握宾语从句的语序。▲掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词。 ▲掌握宾语从句中,主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。 【 【知识要点】 1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开。 2.引导宾语从句的词有: 连词that(在口语中that常可省略),if, whether,如: He knows that Jim will work hard. 连接代词who, whom, which等,如: Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 连接副词when, where, how, why等,如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station? 3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后, 不定式之前,与or not连用,在句首或在引导表语从句,同位语从句时,只能用whether,如:I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesnt know whether to stay or not? 4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应,即:当主句谓语动词是过去式时,从句中谓语动 词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时,如: He asked who could answer the question. My father told me that the earth goes around the sun. 6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词。 7.当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外,当主句主语为第一人称时,后面若接附加疑问句,那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致。如: I dont think he looks like his father, does he? 8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句,直接引语是引述别人的原话,放在引号内, 不用连词联接;间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,通常用连接词与主句联接。 (1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句,如: He said,“Im happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy. (2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,如: He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?” ---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green. (3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句,如: He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?” ---He asked me where Mr Wang was. 注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化。 表句从句就是表句是个句子,同理,宾语从句,定语从句都这样理解. 表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语/ 基本概念 1. 定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2. 构成:关联词+简单句 3. 引导表语从句的关联词的种类: (1) 从属连词that。如: The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如: He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如: All this was over twenty years ago, but it′s as if it was only yesterday. 这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如: It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever

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