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大学英语四级阅读理解每日一练四
新东方英语四级:/kcnet1820/ 四级qq群:238407043
When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the
English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The
history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a
slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two
languages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeen
static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language
at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. 『At
one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used
it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or
thekitchenpotsandpans.』① Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthose
who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have
struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if
possible, a little beauty.
As weconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshould noteheretwodevelopmentsthat
are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the
Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices
for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was
a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now
dependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolder
language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should
understand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,anda few othersthatare
usedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords.Afewinflections,however,
have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order,
there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall see later when we
turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we
m
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