英语专业翻译第2章第2节练习答案.docVIP

第二节 英汉句法 一、英汉主谓成分 （一）主语 课堂互动 1.不自由毋宁死. 2.A microscope is needed to see the red cells./Red cells can be seen only under the microscope. (同样一个汉语句子，由于侧重点或语篇结构不同， 其译文中主语的选择就可能有多重处理方法。) 3. Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft among some high officials in China. （二） 谓语 课堂互动 1. With high-rises along the river banks ornamented with colored lanterns and bright banners, a festive mood is strongly felt. On the river, gaily-decorated dragon-shaped boats await their challenge, displaying their unique charms.原文充满了动词词组，而且像“彩楼林立，彩灯高悬，旌旗飘摇”等等短句都被用来做谓语。这里的译文对谓语的安排突出重点，简洁明快，符合英语的表达习惯。 二、英语句子结构突显与汉语流水句 课堂互动 1. 这个县是1945年建立的，藏族牧民约占人口的百分之四十。He was tall and grotesquely thin, with sharply cut features, particularly a beak-like nose. 他身材修长，瘦骨嶙峋，脸上竖着一个鹰钩鼻。英语中有些句子，尤其是对人的外形和衣着描写的句子，译为汉语是以动词为核心的形合架子拆掉，纳入到汉语平铺直叙似流水般的公因句中。He was a stocky man, poorly dressed with a bald head that had once been blond, a severely plain face and soft blue eyes prone to tears over the sad books beread, a young man but old--- no one would have guessed thirty他人矮胖，衣衫褴褛，原来一头淡黄色的头发已经光秃，其貌不扬，眼睛碧蓝柔和，读书独到悲伤处会溢满泪水，未老先衰，谁也想不到他还只有三十岁。 So do I let my imagination play over the recesses of Laura’s character, so austere in the foreground but nurturing what treasures of tenderness, like delicate flowers, for the discovery of the venturesome. 同样,我让自己的想像力尽情地探索着劳拉性格的最深之处。她的性情表面上严肃可畏,但却滋润着丰富的温柔情感,宛如娇嫩的花朵,等待着勇士的出现。 （“so austere… but nurturing …” 以及两个介词短语“like…”, “for …” 都译成了动词（短语）一字排列作谓语，符合汉语的意合特征，读起来又比较流畅。） 8. For a poor boy who has in his father his constant companion, tutor, and model, and in his mother his nurse, teacher, guardian angel, saint, all in one, has richer, more precious fortune to life than any rich man’s son, and compared with which all other fortunes count for little. 因为对于穷人的孩子来说，父亲无时无刻都是他的伙伴、他的老师、他的榜样，母亲则集护士、老师、保护神、他所信奉的圣人于一身；这样，比起富人的孩子来说，穷人的孩子拥有生活中一笔更大、更宝贵的财富‘与这一财富相比，其他任何财富就是微不足道的了。 9. Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve