1.毒理学课件Toxicology-2013-1-2选编.ppt

Essentials of Toxicology 毒理学基础 第一节 毒理学概述 Section One Outline of Toxicology 毒理学Toxicology *传统定义： 研究外源化学物（xenobiotics)对生物体损害作用(adverse effects)及其机制的科学 *现代毒理学 研究外源因素（化学、物理和生物因素)对生物系统（living systems）的损害作用、生物学机制（biologic mechanisms）、安全性评价（safety evaluation）与危险性分析（risk analysis)的科学。 Toxicology can be de?ned as that branch of science that deals with poisons, and a poison can be de?ned as any substance that causes a harmful effect when administered, either by accident or design, to a living organism. By convention, toxicology also includes the study of harmful effects caused by physical phenomena, such as radiation of various kinds and noise. The study of toxicology serves society in many ways, not only to protect human and the environment from the deleterious effects of toxicants but also to facilitate the development of more selective toxicants such as anticancer and other clinical drug and pesticides. CONTENTS OF TOXICOLOGY Unit 1:General Principles of Toxicology Unit 2 :Disposition of Toxicants Unit 3: Non-Organ-Directed Toxicity (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity,and teratogenicity) Unit 4 :Target Organ Toxicity Unit 5: Toxic Agents Unit 6: EnvironmentalToxicology Unit 7: Applications of Toxicology. UNIT 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY 1 History and Scope of Toxicology 2 Principles of Toxicology 3 Mechanisms of Toxicity 4 Risk Assessment UNIT 2 DISPOSITION OF TOXICANTS 5 Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of Toxicants 6 Biotransformation of Xenobiotics 7 Toxicokinetics UNIT 3 NON-ORGAN-DIRECTED TOXICITY 8 Chemical Carcinogenesis 9 Genetic Toxicology 10 Developmental Toxicology UNIT 4 TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY 11 Toxic Responses of the Blood 12 Toxic Responses of the Immune System 13 Toxic Responses of the Liver …… UNIT 5 TOXIC AGENTS 22 Toxic Effects of Pesticides 23 Toxic Effects of Metals 24 Toxic Effects of Solvents and Vapors 25 Toxic Effects of Radiation and Radioactive Materials 26 Toxic Effects of Terrestrial Animal Venoms and Poisons 2