外贸函电之意向书,协议和合同.ppt

Letter of Intent, Agreements and Contracts Learning Objectives What are Letter of Intent, Agreement and Contract? Various Forms of International Trade Agreement and (or) Contract Examples Three Kinds of Common Legal Documents 1.Letter of Intent (意向书): A letter of intent or LOI is a document outlining an agreement between two or more parties before the agreement is finalized. Such agreements aim at closing a financially rather large deal. LOIs resemble written contracts, but are usually not binding(有约束力的) upon the parties. The purposes of an LOI may be: to clarify the key points of a complex transaction for the convenience of the parties to declare officially that the parties are currently negotiating, as in a merger(兼并) or joint venture proposal to provide safeguards in case a deal collapses during negotiation Three Kinds of Common Legal Documents 2. Agreement(协议书): A consensus of mind, or evidence of such consensus, in spoke or written form, relating to anything done or to be done. 协议是对已经做或准备做的相关事宜，经过谈判、协商后取得一致意见，以口头或书面形式做出的约定。 3. Contract (合同): A contract is a legally binding exchange of promises or agreement between parties that the law will enforce. The difference between agreement and contract Although often used as synonyms with “contract”, agreement is a broader term, e.g. an agreement might lack an essential element of a contact.“ 即“协议”和“合同”经常用作同义词，但“协议”这一术语含义更广，例如协议可能缺乏合同的必备条款（essential clauses/provisions）。 实际使用当中，协议可不受必备条款的限制，而称为合同的文体肯定少不了必备条款，有的合同将其单列，称为一般条款（General provisions）。1999中国《合同法》第十二条规定了八项一般条款，分别是： 　　1. title or name and domicile of the parities(当事人的名称或姓名和住址) 　　2. contract object(标的) 　　3. quantity(数量) 　　4. quality(质量) 　　5. price or remuneration(价款或者报酬) 　　6. time limit, place and method of performance (履行期限、地点和方式) 　　7. liability for breach of contract(违约责任) 　　8. methods to settle disputes (解决争议的方法) 　上述解释说明，contract(合同)和agreement(协议)的概念虽然接近，但使用范围不同，不能互换使用。合同是协