英汉翻译课件-英汉语言对比精要.pptVIP

英汉语言对比 1 主语与主题 中国传统哲学主张“天人合一”、“万物与我为一”，反映在语言上就是在句子构造中，汉语并不把主语看成必要的成分，汉语是主题显著(topic-prominent)的语言 英语是主语显著（subject-prominet)的语言 Practice 1.I would not believe what he said. 他的话，我可不信。 2.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting. 会上讲了什么，我一点没记住。 3.I know Mr. Wang. 王先生我认识。 4.He is the best singer. 唱歌，他是最棒的。 2 形合与意合 英语沿袭了古代希腊人非常严格和规范的语词系统，依靠句法手段（Syntactic devices）、词汇手段（Lexical equivalence）连接成为形合（hypotaxis）语言 汉语语法意义和逻辑关系常隐藏在字里行间。依靠语义手段（Semantic connection）连接成为意合（parataxis）语言 comparisontranslation 1. Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him. 跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。 2. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 4. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ 5. We will not attack unless we are attacked. 人不犯我，我不犯人。 practice As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 天气很好，我们决定去爬山。 2. My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now. 我妹妹在等我，我得走了。 3. A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. 没有外力的作用，运动的物体就连续做匀速直线运动。 3 树状与竹状 英语要求形态的完整与精密，句子枝杈蔓生,呈树状结构； 汉语逐节以短语或小句展开，节节延伸,呈竹子状。 e.g. The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungray because he had had no food for two days. 男孩哭得心都快碎了，当我问及他时，他说饿极了，有两天没吃了。 Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of The Declaration on Independence and The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia. 1826年杰斐逊逝世。按他生前遗愿，在他墓地的石碑上刻着：《独立宣言》和《弗吉尼亚州信教自由法令》的作者，弗吉尼亚大学创建人之墓。 4 静态与动态 英语少用动词、或用其他手段表示动作意义，是“静态”的语言 汉语多用动词，是“动态”的语言。 在英译汉时常常要变“静”为“动” practice Admittance Free 免票入场 2. Out of Bounds 游客止步 3. No Admittance Except on Business 闲人免进 4. Danger of Death – High Voltage! 高压（电），生命危险！ Translation appreciation 飘银须的老爷爷笑得象棵落英的古槐树。 每天清晨，他把精心编织的鸟笼挂上树杈——端