污染土壤中二价铅的空间分布及其风险评价回顾.pptVIP

A review of the contamination soil with lead II. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of soil lead Julie Markus*, Alex B. McBratney Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, The University of Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia 论文翻译：柴元庆 陈红 ppt制作讲解：孙丽军 1 Abstract Contamination of soil with lead has occurred on a global scale. Exposure to lead may cause adverse effects to human health and the environment. It is therefore desirable to obtain a quantitative estimate of the potential risk of lead contamination. Numerous studies have been conducted collecting lead concentration data from both natural and contaminated soil on a range of scales. Very few of these studies have made serious attempts to spatially describe the data. This paper reviews the multitude of data collected on soil Pb concentrations. Lead survey are discussed on the basis of land use, with Australian data presented separately.. Data from lead surveys of agricultural, urban and industrial areas, as well as nationwide surveys are summarised. A small but increasing number of studies have employed spatial prediction techniques such as kriging to map the distribution of lead concentrations in soil. These studies are also summarised and a brief description of the basis for their use presented. Finally, environmental and health risk assessment is discussed and some methodologies in use around the world reviewed. D 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Introduction The adverse health effects caused by lowlevel expo-sure to Pb have been extensively document. Such health effects include neurological impairment and deficitsin the functioning of the central nervous system (Needle-man, 1983; Needleman