Lesson18DigitalSystems电子技术专业英语的教程.pptVIP

《电子技术专业英语教程》 Lesson 18 Digital Systems 《电子技术专业英语教程》冯新宇 主编 电子工业出版社 Lesson 18 Digital Systems Terminology translator n.翻译者；【计】 翻译程序，翻译器 compiler n.【计】（自动编码器）编译程序器；程序编制（器） semiconductor technology 【计】半导体工艺，半导体技术 microprocessor 【计】微处理器; 微处理机 Digital systems are designed to store, process, and communicate information in digital form. They are found in a wide range of applications, including process control, communication systems, digital instruments, and consumer products. The digital computer, more commonly called the “computer” , is an example of a typical digital system. A computer manipulates information in digital, or more precisely, binary form. A binary number has only two discrete values - zero or one. Each of these discrete values is represented by the OFF and ON status of an electronic switch called a “transistor”. All computers, therefore, only understand binary numbers. Any decimal number (base 10, with ten digits from 0 to 9) can be represented by a binary number (base 2, with digits 0 and 1). The basic blocks of a computer are the central processing unit (CPU), the memory, and the input/output (I/O). The CPU of the computer is basically the same as the brains of a human being. Computer memory is conceptually similar to human memory. A question asked to a human being is analogous to entering a program into the computer using an input device such as the keyboard, and answering the question by the human is similar in concept to outputting the result required by the program to a computer output device such as the printer. The main difference is that human beings can think independently, whereas computers can only answer questions that they are programmed for. Programs can perform a specific task such as addition if the computer has an electronic circuit capable of adding two numbers. Programmers cannot change these electronic circuits but can perform tasks on them using instructions. Computer software Computer software, on the other han