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A Bacterial Kind of Aging 英文参考文献.doc

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A Bacterial Kind of Aging 英文参考文献

Perspective ABacterialKindofAging Thomas Nystro¨m B acteriaaresometimeshonoredwithafewlinesin booksandreviewsonagingasanexampleof organismsthatdonotage.Thisisbecausebinary Thus,theaccumulateddatafromdifferentunicellular modelssuggestthatasibling-speci?creductionin?tness (growthrate)maybemorecommonthanpreviously anticipatedandthatcytokinesisduringbinary?ssionis inherentlyasymmetrical.Butcanweextrapolatethedataand assumethatthereductioninsibling-speci?cgrowthratewill eventuallycausethecelltodie?Woldridge[7]arguedagainst suchaconclusion,becausetakingthevariabilitiesofE.coli celllengthandageatdivisionintoaccount,thesibling- speci?cdecreasesingrowthratefallwithintheexpected variation,andaresuf?cientlydifferentfromthecatastrophe- likecelldeatharrivedatthroughreplicativeaging.However, thegrowthrateofold-poleE.colicellsbecomessuccessively slowerduringthedivisionsstudied[5,8],anditwouldbe almostimpossibletocarrytheexperimentoutlongenoughto getstatisticallysigni?cantdataonsibling-speci?ccelldeath inthesystememployed.Regardlessofwhetherthesystem eventuallyreachesacatastropheorasteadystate,the progressivereductioninsibling-speci?cgrowthrateishighly intriguingbecauseitraisesquestionsregardingtheultimate andproximatecausationof?tnessasymmetryinaunicellular system. ?ssionofbacteriahasbeenassumedtoproceedwitha nonconservativedispersionofbothundamagedanddamaged constituents,suchthattherearenoadultformsofbacterial cellsandthebacterialpopulationisnotagestructured. However,someauthorshaveexpresseddifferentviews;for example,PartridgeandBarton[1]considerasymmetryin simpleunicellularsystemsandhowthismightdevelopinto aging,andTomKirkwood[2]argues,ontheoreticalgrounds, thatdamagesegregationcouldbeselectedforinsimple unicellularsystemsdividingbybinary?ssion,andthat sibling-speci?cdeteriorationmayconferaselective advantage.Indeed,recentreportslendexperimentalsupport tothisnotionandpointtomandatoryagingalsobeingapart ofthelifehistoryofbacteria. Thesereportsincludethedemonstrationthatcellsofa