Acute Toxicity of the Antifouling Compound Butenolide in Non-Target Organisms 英文参考文献.docVIP

AcuteToxicityoftheAntifoulingCompoundButenolide inNon-TargetOrganisms Yi-FanZhang1.,KangXiao1.,KondethimmanahalliH.Chandramouli1,YingXu1,KePan2 ,Wen-Xiong Wang2,Pei-YuanQian1* 1KAUSTCollaborativeResearchProgram,DivisionofLifeScience,HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,HongKongSAR,China,2DivisionofLifeScience, HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,HongKong,SAR,China Abstract Butenolide [5-octylfuran-2(5H)-one] is a recently discovered and very promising anti-marine-fouling compound. In this study,theacutetoxicityofbutenolidewasassessed inseveralnon-targetorganisms,includingmicroalgae,crustaceans, andfish.Resultswerecomparedwithpreviouslyreportedresultsontheeffectiveconcentrationsusedonfouling(target) organisms. According to OECD’s guideline, the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) was 0.168mgl21, which was amongoneofthehighestinrepresentativenewbiocides.Mechanistically,thephenotypeofbutenolide-treatedDaniorerio (zebrafish) embryos was similar to the phenotype of the pro-caspase-3 over-expression mutant with pericardial edema, small eyes, small brains, and increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the bodies of zebrafish embryos. Butenolide also inducedapoptosisinHeLacells,withtheactivationofc-JunN-terminalkinases(JNK),Bcl-2familyproteins,andcaspases and proteasomes/lysosomes involved in this process. This is the first detailed toxicity and toxicology study on this antifoulingcompound. Citation:ZhangY-F,XiaoK,ChandramouliKH,XuY,PanK,etal.(2011)AcuteToxicityoftheAntifoulingCompoundButenolideinNon-TargetOrganisms.PLoS ONE6(8):e23803.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023803 Editor:JieZheng,UniversityofAkron,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedMay12,2011;AcceptedJuly25,2011;PublishedAugust29,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Zhang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Thisworkwassuppor