Adult Cleaner Wrasse Outperform Capuchin Monkeys, Chimpanzees and Orang-utans in a Complex Foraging Task Derived from Cleaner – Client Reef Fish Cooperation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Adult Cleaner Wrasse Outperform Capuchin Monkeys, Chimpanzees and Orang-utans in a Complex Foraging Task Derived from Cleaner – Client Reef Fish Cooperation 英文参考文献.doc

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Adult Cleaner Wrasse Outperform Capuchin Monkeys, Chimpanzees and Orang-utans in a Complex Foraging Task Derived from Cleaner – Client Reef Fish Cooperation 英文参考文献

AdultCleanerWrasseOutperformCapuchinMonkeys, ChimpanzeesandOrang-utansinaComplexForaging TaskDerivedfromCleaner–ClientReefFishCooperation LucieH.Salwiczek1.,LaurentPre′to?t2,3.,LanilaDemarta2.,DarbyProctor3,JenniferEssler3,AnaI.Pinto2, SharonWismer2,5,TaraStoinski4,SarahF.Brosnan3*,RedouanBshary2 1Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Neurobiology, Seewiesen, Germany, 2Department of Biology, University of Neucha?tel, Neucha?tel, Switzerland, 3DepartmentofPsychologyandLanguageResearchCenter,GeorgiaStateUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4ZooAtlanta,Atlanta,Georgia,United StatesofAmerica,5InstituteofEvolutionaryBiologyandEnvironmentalStudies,UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland Abstract Theinsightthatanimals’cognitiveabilitiesarelinkedtotheirevolutionaryhistory,andhencetheirecology,providesthe frameworkforthecomparative approach.Despiteprimatesrenowneddietarycomplexityandsocialcognition,including cooperative abilities, we here demonstrate that cleaner wrasse outperform three primate species, capuchin monkeys, chimpanzees and orang-utans, in a foraging task involving a choice between two actions, both of which yield identical immediaterewards,butonlyoneofwhichyieldsanadditionaldelayedreward.Theforagingtaskdecisionsinvolvepartner choice in cleaners: they mustservice visiting clientreef fish beforeresident clients toaccess both; otherwisethe former switchtoadifferentcleaner.Wildcaughtadult,butnotjuvenile,cleanerslearnedtosolvethetaskquicklyandrelearnedthe task when it was reversed. The majority of primates failed to perform above chance after 100 trials, which is in sharp contrasttopreviousstudiesshowingthatprimateseasilylearntochooseanactionthatyieldsimmediatedoublerewards comparedtoanalternativeaction.Inconclusion,theadultcleaners’abilitytochooseasuperioractionwithinitiallyneutral consequencesislikelyduetorepeatedexposureinnature,whichleadstospecificlearnedoptimalforagingdecisionrules. Citation:SalwiczekLH,Pre′to?tL,DemartaL,ProctorD,Ess