Adaptive Significance of the Formation of Multi-Species Fish Spawning Aggregations near Submerged Capes 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Adaptive Significance of the Formation of Multi-Species Fish Spawning Aggregations near Submerged Capes 英文参考文献.doc

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Adaptive Significance of the Formation of Multi-Species Fish Spawning Aggregations near Submerged Capes 英文参考文献

AdaptiveSignificanceoftheFormationofMulti-Species FishSpawningAggregationsnearSubmergedCapes MandyKarnauskas1*,LaurentM.Che′rubin2,ClaireB.Paris3 1DivisionofMarineBiologyandFisheries,RosenstielSchoolofMarineandAtmosphericScience,UniversityofMiami,Miami,Florida,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America, 3DivisionofAppliedMarinePhysics,RosenstielSchoolofMarineandAtmosphericScience,UniversityofMiami,Miami,Florida,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Many fishes are known to spawn at distinct geomorphological features such as submerged capes or ‘‘promontories,’’andthewidespreaduseofthesesitesforspawningmustimplysomeevolutionaryadvantage.Spawningat these capes is thought to result in rapid offshore transport of eggs, thereby reducing predation levels and facilitating dispersaltoareasofsuitablehabitat. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Totestthis‘‘off-reeftransport’’hypothesis,weuseahydrodynamicmodelandexplore theeffectsoftopographyoncurrentsatsubmergedcapeswherespawningoccursandatsimilarcapeswherespawning doesnotoccur,alongtheMesoamericanBarrierReef.Allcapesmodeledinthisstudyproducededdy-sheddingregimes,but specific eddy attributes differed between spawning and non-spawning sites. Eddies at spawning sites were significantly stronger than those at non-spawning sites, and upwelling and fronts were the products of the eddy formation process. Frontalzones,presentparticularlyattheedgesofeddiesneartheshelf,mayservetoretainlarvaeandnutrients.Spawning site eddies were also more predictable in terms of diameter and longevity. Passive particles released at spawning and control sites were dispersed from the release site at similar rates, but particles from spawning sites were more highly aggregatedintheirdistributionsthanthosefromcontrolsites,andremainedclosertoshoreatalltimes. Conclusions/Significance:Ourfindingscontradictprevioushy