Adaptive Radiation in Mediterranean Cistus (Cistaceae) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Adaptive Radiation in Mediterranean Cistus (Cistaceae) 英文参考文献.doc

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Adaptive Radiation in Mediterranean Cistus (Cistaceae) 英文参考文献

AdaptiveRadiationinMediterraneanCistus(Cistaceae) BeatrizGuzma′n1*,Mar?′aDoloresLledo′2,PabloVargas1 1RealJard?′nBota′nico -CSIC,Madrid,Spain,2RoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,Richmond,Surrey,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background:AdaptiveradiationinMediterraneanplantsispoorlyunderstood.Thewhite-floweredCistuslineageconsistsof 12speciesprimarilydistributedinMediterraneanhabitatsandishereinsubjecttoanalysis. Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted a ‘‘total evidence’’ analysis combining nuclear (ncpGS, ITS) and plastid (trnL-trnF,trnK-matK,trnS-trnG,rbcL)DNAsequencesandusingMPandBItotestthehypothesisofradiationassuggested by previous phylogenetic results. One of the five well-supported lineages of the Cistus-Halimium complex, the white- floweredCistuslineage,comprisesthehighernumberofspecies(12)andismonophyletic.MoleculardatingestimatesaMid Pleistocene (1.0460.25 Ma) diversification of the white-flowered lineage into two groups (C. clusii and C. salviifolius lineages), which display asymmetric characteristics: number of species (2 vs. 10), leaf morphologies (linear vs. linear to ovate),floralcharacteristics(small,three-sepalledvs.smalltolarge,three-orfive-sepalledflowers)andecologicalattributes (low-land vs. low-land to mountain environments). A positive phenotype-environment correlation has been detected by historical reconstructions of morphological traits (leaf shape, leaf labdanum content and leaf pubescence). Ecological evidence indicates that modifications of leaf shape and size, coupled with differences in labdanum secretion and pubescencedensity,appeartoberelatedtosuccessofnewspeciesindifferentMediterraneanhabitats. Conclusions/Significance: The observation that radiation in the Cistus salviifolius lineage has been accompanied by the emergenceofdivergentleaftraits(suchasshape,pubescenceandlabdanumsecretion)indifferentenvironmentssuggets that radiation in the group has been adaptive. Here we argued that the diverse ecological conditions of Mediterranean habitats pla