Aging and Gene Expression in the Primate Brain 英文参考文献.docVIP

Aging and Gene Expression in the Primate Brain 英文参考文献.doc

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Aging and Gene Expression in the Primate Brain 英文参考文献

o Openaccess,freelyavailableonline PL S BIOLOGY AgingandGeneExpressioninthePrimate Brain Hunter B.Fraser1*,Philipp Khaitovich2,Joshua B.Plotkin3,Svante Pa¨a¨bo2,Michael B.Eisen1,4 1DepartmentofMolecularandCellBiology,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2Max-Planck-InstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropology, Leipzig, Germany, 3 Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, 4 Genome Sciences Department, Genomics Division, LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,Berkeley,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Itiswellestablishedthatgeneexpressionlevelsinmanyorganismschangeduringtheagingprocess,andtheadvent ofDNAmicroarrayshasallowedgenome-widepatternsoftranscriptionalchangesassociatedwithagingtobestudied inbothmodel organismsandvarioushumantissues.Understandingtheeffects ofagingongeneexpression in the humanbrainisofparticularinterest,becauseofitsrelationtobothnormalandpathologicalneurodegeneration.Here weshowthathumancerebralcortex,humancerebellum,andchimpanzeecortexeachundergodifferentpatternsof age-relatedgeneexpressionalterations.Inhumans,manymoregenesundergoconsistentexpressionchangesinthe cortexthaninthecerebellum;inchimpanzees,manygeneschangeexpressionwithageincortex,butthepatternof changesinexpressionbearsalmostnoresemblancetothatofhumancortex.Theseresultsdemonstratethediversity ofagingpatternspresentwithinthehumanbrain,aswellashowrapidlygenome-widepatternsofagingcanevolve betweenspecies;theymayalsohaveimplicationsfortheoxidativefreeradicaltheoryofaging,andhelptoimprove ourunderstandingofhumanneurodegenerativediseases. Citation:FraserHB,KhaitovichP,PlotkinJB,Pa¨a¨bo S,EisenMB(2005)AgingandgeneexpressionintheprimatebrainPLoSBiol3(9):e274. effects of aerobic respiration. Speci?cally, mitochondrial activity leads to the production of ROS that can damage Introduction Despite its ubiquity and importance, aging remains a poorlyunderstoodprocess.Thislackofunderstandingisdue inparttothecomplexit

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