Allopatry as a Gordian Knot for Taxonomists Patterns of DNA Barcode Divergence in Arctic-Alpine Lepidoptera 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Allopatry as a Gordian Knot for Taxonomists Patterns of DNA Barcode Divergence in Arctic-Alpine Lepidoptera 英文参考文献.doc

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Allopatry as a Gordian Knot for Taxonomists Patterns of DNA Barcode Divergence in Arctic-Alpine Lepidoptera 英文参考文献

AllopatryasaGordianKnotforTaxonomists:Patternsof DNABarcodeDivergenceinArctic-AlpineLepidoptera MarkoMutanen1*,AxelHausmann2,PaulD.N.Hebert3,Jean-Franc?oisLandry4,JeremyR.deWaard5, PeterHuemer6 1Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 2Zoologische Staatssammlung Mu¨nchen, Sektion Lepidoptera, Mu¨nchen, Germany, 3Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 4Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa,Ontario,Canada,5BiodiversityInstituteofOntario,UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,Ontario,Canada,6TirolerLandesmuseenBetriebsges.m.b.H.,Innsbruck,Austria Abstract Many cold adapted species occur in both montane settings and in the subarctic. Their disjunct distributions create taxonomiccomplexitybecausethereisnostandardizedmethodtoestablishwhethertheirallopatricpopulationsrepresent single or different species. This study employs DNA barcoding to gain new perspectives on the levels and patterns of sequence divergence among populations of 122 arctic-alpine species of Lepidoptera from the Alps, Fennoscandia and North America. It reveals intraspecific variability in the barcode region ranging from 0.00–10.08%. Eleven supposedly different species pairs or groups show close genetic similarity, suggesting possible synonymy in many cases. However, atotalof33speciesshowevidenceofcrypticdiversityasevidencedbythepresenceoflineageswithover2%maximum barcode divergence in Europe, in North America or between the two continents. Our study also reveals cases where taxonomicnameshavebeenusedinconsistentlybetweenregionsandexposesmisidentifications.Overall,DNAbarcodes have great potential to both increase taxonomic resolution and to make decisions concerning the taxonomic status of allopatricpopulationsmoreobjective. Citation:MutanenM,HausmannA,HebertPDN,LandryJ-F,deWaardJR,etal.(2012)AllopatryasaGordianKnotforTaxonomists:PatternsofDNABarcode DivergenceinArctic-AlpineLepidoptera.PLoS