Antagonistic Gene Activities Determine the Formation of Pattern Elements along the Mediolateral Axis of the Arabidopsis Fruit 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Antagonistic Gene Activities Determine the Formation of Pattern Elements along the Mediolateral Axis of the Arabidopsis Fruit 英文参考文献.doc

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Antagonistic Gene Activities Determine the Formation of Pattern Elements along the Mediolateral Axis of the Arabidopsis Fruit 英文参考文献

AntagonisticGeneActivitiesDeterminetheFormationof PatternElementsalongtheMediolateralAxisofthe ArabidopsisFruit SantiagoGonza′lez-Reig1,JuanJose′ Ripoll2,AntonioVera1,MartinF.Yanofsky2,AntonioMart?′nez- Laborda1* 1Divisio′ndeGene′tica,UniversidadMiguelHerna′ndez,SanJuandeAlicante,Spain,2DivisionofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,LaJolla,California, UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract TheArabidopsisfruitmainlyconsistsofamatureovarythatshowsthreewelldefinedterritoriesthatarepatternelements alongthemediolateralaxis:thereplum,locatedatthemedialplaneoftheflower,andthevalveandthevalvemargin,both oflateralnature.JAG/FILactivity,whichincludesthecombinedfunctionsofJAGGED(JAG),FILAMENTOUSFLOWER(FIL ),and YABBY3 (YAB3), contributes to the formation of the two lateral pattern elements, whereas the cooperating genes BREVIPEDICELLUS(BP)andREPLUMLESS(RPL)promotereplumdevelopment.Arecentmodeltoexplainpatternformation alongthemediolateralaxishypothesizesthatJAG/FILactivityandBP/RPLfunctionasantagonisticlateralandmedialfactors, respectively,whichtendtorepresseachother.Inthiswork,wedemonstratetheexistenceofmutualexclusionmechanisms between both kinds of factors, and how this determines the formation and size of the three territories. Medial factors autonomouslyconstrainlateralfactorssothattheyonlyexpressoutsidethereplum,andlateralfactorsnegativelyregulate themediallyexpressedBPgeneinanon-autonomousfashiontoensurecorrectreplumdevelopment.Wealsohavefound that ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1), previously shown to repress BP both in leaves and ovaries, collaborates with JAG/FIL activity,preventingitsrepressionbyBPandshowingsynergisticinteractionswithJAG/FILactivitygenes.ThereforeASgene function(thefunctionoftheinteractinggenesAS1andAS2)hasbeenincorporatedinthemodelasanewlateralfactor.Our model of antagonistic factors provides explanation for mutant fruit phenotypes in Arabidopsis and also may help to understandnaturalvariationoffruitshapeinBrassicaceaeandotherspecies,sincesubtlech