Are Trade-Offs Among Species’ Ecological Interactions Scale Dependent A Test Using Pitcher-Plant Inquiline Species 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Are Trade-Offs Among Species’ Ecological Interactions Scale Dependent A Test Using Pitcher-Plant Inquiline Species 英文参考文献
AreTrade-OffsAmongSpecies’EcologicalInteractions
ScaleDependent?ATestUsingPitcher-PlantInquiline
Species
JamieM.Kneitel*
DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,CaliforniaStateUniversity,Sacramento,Sacramento,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica
Abstract
Trade-offsamongspecies’ecologicalinteractionsisapervasiveexplanationforspeciescoexistence.Thetraitsassociated
with trade-offs are typically measured to mechanistically explain species coexistence at a single spatial scale. However,
speciespotentiallyinteractatmultiplescalesandthismaybereflectedinthetraitsamongcoexistingspecies.Iquantified
species’ecologicaltraitsassociatedwiththetrade-offsexpectedatbothlocal(competitiveabilityandpredatortolerance)
andregional(competitiveabilityandcolonizationrate)communityscales.Themostcommonspecies(fourprotozoaanda
rotifer)fromthemiddletrophiclevelofapitcherplant(Sarraceniapurpurea)inquilinecommunitywereusedtolinkspecies
traits to previously observed patterns of species diversity and abundance. Traits associated with trade-offs (competitive
ability,predatortolerance,andcolonizationrate)andotherecologicaltraits(size,growthrate,andcarryingcapacity)were
measuredforeachofthefocalspecies.Traitswerecorrelatedwithoneanotherwithanegativerelationshipindicativeofa
trade-off. Protozoan and rotifer species exhibited a negative relationship between competitive ability and predator
tolerance,indicativeofcoexistenceatthelocalcommunityscale.Therewasnorelationshipbetweencompetitiveabilityand
colonizationrate.Size,growthrate,andcarryingcapacitywerecorrelatedwitheachotherandthetrade-offtraits:Sizewas
related to both competitive ability and predator tolerance, but growth rate and carrying capacity were correlated with
predatortolerance.Whenpartialcorrelationswereconductedcontrollingforsize,growthrateandcarryingcapacity,the
trade-offs largely disappeared. These results imply that body size is the trait that provides the basis for ecological
interactions and trade-offs. Altogether, this study showed that the exami
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