Barnacle Geese Achieve Significant Energetic Savings by Changing Posture 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Barnacle Geese Achieve Significant Energetic Savings by Changing Posture 英文参考文献.doc

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Barnacle Geese Achieve Significant Energetic Savings by Changing Posture 英文参考文献

BarnacleGeeseAchieveSignificantEnergeticSavingsby ChangingPosture PeterG.Tickle,RobertL.Nudds,JonathanR.Codd* FacultyofLifeSciences,UniversityofManchester,Manchester,UK Abstract Here we report the resting metabolic rate in barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) and provide evidence for the significant energeticeffectofposture.Underlaboratoryconditionsflow-throughrespirometrytogetherwithsynchronousrecordingof behaviourenabledacalculationofhowmetabolicratevarieswithposture.Ourprincipalfindingisthatstandingbipedally incursa25%increaseinmetabolicratecomparedtobirdssittingontheground.Inadditiontotheexpecteddecreasein energy consumption of hindlimb postural muscles when sitting, we hypothesise that a change in breathing mechanics representsonepotentialmechanismforatleastpartoftheobserveddifferenceinenergeticcost.Duetothesignificant effectofposture,futurestudiesofrestingmetabolicratesneedtotakeintoaccountand/orreportdifferencesinposture. Citation:TicklePG,NuddsRL,CoddJR(2012)BarnacleGeeseAchieveSignificantEnergeticSavingsbyChangingPosture.PLoSONE7(10):e46950.doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0046950 Editor:LewisGeorgeHalsey,UniversityofRoehampton,UnitedKingdom ReceivedJune26,2012;AcceptedSeptember10,2012;PublishedOctober10,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Tickle et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:ThisresearchwasfundedthroughtheBBRSCBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil(G/01138/1).Thefundershadnoroleinstudy design,datacollectionandanalysis,decisiontopublish,orpreparationofthemanuscript. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:jonathan.codd@manchester.ac.uk,Tel:+44(0)1612755474 Introduction adoptedduringmeasurementsofrestingmetabolicrateanddoes thatposturereallyrepresenttheleastenergeticallyexpensiveand therefore, truly resting metabolism? Given