Can the New Humanized Mouse Model Give HIV Research a Boost 英文参考文献.docVIP

Perspectives Can the New Humanized Mouse Model Give HIV Research a Boost? Barbara L. Shacklett O Severe combined immune de?ciency or “SCID” mice have served as effective research tools for many years [7]; these mice may either be engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hu-PBL-SCID) [8], or may receive surgically implanted xenografts containing human fetal thymus and liver tissue (SCID-hu thy/ liv) [7]. The SCID-hu thy/liv model is extensively used for preclinical testing of antiretroviral drugs [9]. However, potential limitations of this model include a limited repertoire of human cell types and limited distribution of the human cells in tissues outside the implants. ver the last few months, the medical community has received both good and bad news concerning the AIDS epidemic. The “good” news: the Linked Research Article HIV gene expression, but additional barriers remain [6]. This Perspective discusses the following new study published in PLoS Medicine: Denton PW, Estes JD, Sun Z, Othieno FA, Wei BL, et al. (2008) Antiretroviral pre- exposure prophylaxis prevents vaginal transmission of HIV-1 in humanized BLT mice. PLoS Med 5(1): e16. doi:10.1371/ journal.pmed.0050016 J. Victor Garcia and colleagues show that mice with immune systems reconstituted from human bone marrow, liver, and thymus transplants provide a model for prevention of intravaginal HIV infection. number of individuals infected with HIV worldwide was revised downward and was estimated at 33 million rather than 40 million [1]; although lower than expected, this still represents a staggeringly high ?gure. The bad news: two highly publicized vaccine trials were prematurely terminated due to a high frequency of seroconversions among vaccine recipients [2]. The obvious message from both of these reports is that more research is needed to uncover better strategies for preventing HIV transmission and more effective treatments for those already infected. similarity to HIV, SIV and HIV dif